Temozolomide: Brain cancer (Glioblastoma) drugs list
Temozolomide is an alkylating cytostatic agent considered the "gold standard" in neuro-oncology. Its unique feature is its small molecular size and lipophilicity, enabling it to easily cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate directly within brain tissues.
Once inside the body, it converts into an active metabolite (MTIC), which damages the DNA of rapidly dividing tumor cells, triggering apoptosis. On Unifarm, you can find verified medications (Temodal and generics) containing this active substance.
Indications
- Newly diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): Concomitant with radiotherapy followed by maintenance monotherapy (adjuvant treatment).
- Malignant Glioma (Anaplastic Astrocytoma): For recurrence or progression after standard therapy.
- Advanced metastatic melanoma (as first-line therapy).
Dosage and administration
Taken orally on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before a meal). Capsules must be swallowed whole with a glass of water.
Treatment Regimens (Phase-dependent):
- Concomitant Phase (with Radiotherapy): 75 mg/m² daily for 42 days.
- Adjuvant Phase (Monotherapy): 28-day cycles. Dosed at 150–200 mg/m² on Days 1–5, followed by a 23-day break.
Important: Prophylactic administration of antiemetics (anti-nausea drugs) prior to dosing is strongly recommended.
- Hypersensitivity to Temozolomide or Dacarbazine (due to structural similarity).
- Severe myelosuppression (significant decrease in leukocytes and platelets).
- Pregnancy (strictly contraindicated) and breastfeeding.
- Pediatric use under 3 years (for recurrent glioma) or under 18 years (for newly diagnosed GBM).
Therapy requires regular blood tests due to potential toxicity:
- Gastrointestinal: Very common — nausea and vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite.
- Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia (bleeding risk), neutropenia, lymphopenia.
- Nervous System: Seizures, fatigue, headache, balance disorders.
- Infections: Increased risk of opportunistic infections (e.g., Pneumocystis pneumonia).
